Genomic insights into <scp>Neolithic</scp> farming‐related migrations in the junction of east and southeast <scp>Asia</scp>

Objectives We aim to detect demographic history and early farming-related migration of the crossroad area in junction east Asia (EA) southeast (SEA). Materials methods collected genotyped 87 individuals from 6 Tibeto-Burman Austroasiatic-speaking populations including Bai, Pumi, Hani, Lahu, Wa, Blang with nearly 700,000 genome-wide SNPs. subsequently analyzed genetic structure admixture using our merged dataset both ancient modern eastern Eurasians PCA, ADMIXTURE, Refine-IBD, f statistics qpAdm. Results observed population substructure within studied populations. The northern groups (Bai Pumi) had a predominant genomic legacy associated millet-farming North China also high frequencies Y-chromosomal haplogroup O2a2b1-M134 (xM117) its sub-clades. By contrast, southern (Lahu Hani) more than 60% rice-farming, which is prevalent present-day Tai-Kadai, Austronesian Austroasiatic speaking strong affinities between Yunnan (Blang Wa) mainland Asia. Discussion Our study revealed that demic migrations cultural interactions north south west since Late Neolithic have shaped at crossroads EA SEA. dominant indicates large-scale Upper-Middle Yellow River Basin. rice-farming expansion has deeply influenced profile populations, suggesting via inland coastal routes.